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| 1632 |
| | | Shah Jahan orders that all recently built Hindu temples shall be destroyed, ending the Mughal tradition of religious tolerance | |
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| 1632 |
| | | Shah Jahan begins building the Taj Mahal as a memorial for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal | |
|  | Taj Mahal
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| 1646 |
| | | A young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers that will result in his establishing a Maratha empire | |
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| 1658 |
| | | For the final years of his life the emperor Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort | |
|  | Agra, Red Fort
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| 1673 |
| | | The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore | |
|  | Lahore, Badshahi Mosque
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| 1707 |
| | | The death of Aurangzeb introduces the long period of decline of the Mughal empire | |
|  | Aurangzeb
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| 1739 |
| | | The Persian ruler Nadir Shah enters Delhi and removes much of the accumulated treasure of the Mughal empire | |
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| 1757 |
| | | Robert Clive defeats the nawab of Bengal at the battle of Plassey, and places his own man on the throne | |
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| 1774 |
| | | In the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, ending the recent Russo-Turkish war, the Ottoman empire cedes the Crimea to Russia | |
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| 1774 |
| | | The treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji grants Russia special rights in relation to the Christian Holy Places under Ottoman control | |
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